Interpretation of the Text - 13649 Words

P A R T 1. A N A L Y Z I N G F I C T I O N MODULE 1 1.1. The fictional world of a literary work Literature is writing that can be read in many ways. We can read it as a form of history, biography, or autobiography. We can read it as an example of linguistic structures or rhetorical conventions manipulated for special effect. We can view it as a material product of the culture that produced it. We can see it as an expression of beliefs and values of a particular class. We can also see a work of literature as a selfcontained structure of words - as writing that calls attention to itself, to its own images and forms. Viewed in this light, literature differs from other kinds of writing - expressive, persuasive, and expository. Expressive†¦show more content†¦Yet in analyzing works of fiction it might be useful to adhere to a certain scheme, like the one given in the box below. In studying fiction, use the following questions as a guide: What are the theme and the message? How does the title relate to them? What is the plot structure like? What does the setting contribute to it? What central conflict drives the plot? What are other conflicts? How is the story told? What does the particular type of narrator contribute? Which narrative modes are used? How do they relate to the plot structure elements? How does the story reveal its main characters? What means of character drawing are used by the author? How does the language of the story contribute to the development of the theme and character drawing? Tasks to Module 1 1. What kinds of writing are there? Give an example of each from an authentic source. 2. How does literature differ from other kinds of writing? 3. How does the world of fiction relate to objective reality? Substantiate your answer with examples from English fiction. 4. Give examples of an epic, a tragedy, a comedy, a novel, a short story. Are they in the genres of prose or poetry? 5. Give definitions for creative non-fiction, satire, allegory and pastoral. Can they be called genres? In what relation do they stand to the genres mentioned in the question above? 6.Show MoreRelatedUnderstanding And Interpretations Of Sacred Texts3507 Words   |  15 PagesThe understanding and interpretations of sacred texts have been the basis for many religious discussions and arguments. From each person practicing a certain religion, they have their own opinions and interpretations that may differ from others. With interpretations of sacred texts, there has also been confusion as to what many word or phrases with the intended meaning of words that have many meanings or could have changed. The religions of Islam and Christianity both are classified as one of theRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesï » ¿TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS The purpose of Text Interpretation and Analysis is a literary and linguistic commentary in which the reader explains what the text reveals under close examination. Any literary work is unique. It is created by the author in accordance with his vision and is permeated with his idea of the world. The reader’s interpretation is also highly individual and depends to a great extent on his knowledge and personal experience. That’s why one cannot lay down a fixed â€Å"model†Read MoreA New Approach to Statutory Interpretation1687 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment 01 Introduction The enactment of both the interim and final Constitution ushered in a new approach to statutory interpretation. In this essay I argue that the statement made by the court in Daniels v Campbell 2003 (9) BLCR 969 (C) is true. The interpretative approach adopted by South African courts pre-1994 Statutory interpretation pre-1994 lacked a single theoretical starting point. There was no single methodology that was applied to interpret legislation. Consequently the process ofRead MoreGender As A Person s Identity1111 Words   |  5 Pagesinstitutions use scriptures as the primary basis for life such as the Holy Bible for the Catholics and the Quran for the Muslims. Of the data given, some Christians and Muslim non-heterosexuals experience social exclusion because of some spiritual texts (Yip, 2005). According to a survey by Pew Research Center s Social Demographic Trends done in 2013 on the religious affiliations, 48% of the LGBT Americans did not have one. The executive director of the Gay Christian Network, Justin Lee said, [theRead MoreThe Interpretation Of Statutory Interpretation1450 Words   |  6 PagesDriedger s modern approach to statutory interpretation has substantially impacted the comprehension of ambiguous statutory language in Canadian courts for several decades. Although there are some drawbacks and flaws in this method, there is a myriad of merits that have positively shaped the interpretation of ambiguous s tatutory language over the years. When adjudicators are faced with the challenging task of analyzing unclear legislative text, they are obligated to utilizing Driedger s modern approachRead More Hughes Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of a Modern Debate1170 Words   |  5 PagesHughes Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of a Modern Debate In the Hughes’ text, Women in World History: Volume 1, the chapter on Middle Eastern women focuses on how Islam affected their lives. Almost immediately, the authors wisely observe that â€Å"Muslim women’s rights have varied significantly with time, by region, and by class† (152). They continue with the warning that â€Å"there is far too much diversity to be adequately described in a few pages.† However, I argue that thereRead MoreReader-Response Theory : Hans-Robert Jauss1326 Words   |  6 PagesJauss wrote on what he termed reader-response/reception history theory primarily in the late 1960s and early 1970s. According to Jauss, we do not approach texts as so-called â€Å"verbal icons,† on their own terms (as Knapp and Michaels would have it), but based on the expectations of the reader. The history and background of the author and text known to the reader inform the reader’s expectations. Thus, a reader will approach a recognize d literary masterpiece with different expectations than a NewRead MoreAn Introduction to the Constitutional Principles of American Government1406 Words   |  6 Pagesmany times over, and the political and economic life has changed radically. In the context of United States constitutional interpretation, invariability, political stability and fundamental nature of this law of the land are considered to be the most significant characteristics for each civilization. Although it is true, there is another concept of constitutional interpretation which suggests that the Constitution should be seen as continually evolving with the society that implements it. By all accountsRead MoreDifferent Schools Of Statutory Interpretation1235 Words   |  5 Pagesstatutory interpretation because the two different courts that heard the case applied a different from of statutory interpretation. The lower court stuck to a textual interpretation, whereas the court of appeal considered the legislative i ntent behind the relevant statues. This paper will argue that of the two schools of statutory interpretation applied in the case, textualism and intentionalism, neither is completely appropriate and that the pragmatic approach to statutory interpretation is the mostRead MoreEssay about Interpretations of Communication1298 Words   |  6 Pagessubmitted appealingly to an audience is essential to any written, visual or verbal text. Iconic, symbolic and indexical forms of representation when combined with preconceived ideas of particular subject matter assist in the forming of either negative or positive reactions with regards to a text. This paper examines the attached text and provides a critical reading of the strategies used to promote the ideas raised in the text and why such ideas are relevant. Issues raised include the premise of autonomous

American Government Essay example - 684 Words

American Government Each type of government holds different views as to the role the leaders and citizens should perform in their country .Different types of government include, oligarchy where the government is run by the best leaders, Tyranny, where they believe those in power should have complete control over its people. In the United States of America, we believe in democracy, rule by the majority. The main problem with our type of government is maintaining it. Our government and its citizens have lost sight of their roles and responsibilities, in government. The role of the government in our country is defined in our Constitution as to, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the†¦show more content†¦Although I myself do not wish to participate in theses activities, I do not think that is my duty or that of the governments to tell others that they cannot do these things. The government is crossing the line from being a democracy to becoming a combination of Oligarchy and Tyranny type government by telling its people what they can and cannot do in their private lives. The private citizens seem to have lost sight of their role in government as well. The people have forgotten that they are just as part of the government as the people that hold positions in office. Citizens of this country sit around and complain about what the governments does or doesnt do. They complain about the government running their lives. What they seem to have forgotten is, they have elected theses people. When it comes to voting, the people should look into the person that they are voting for. They need to ask themselves, What does this person stand for? Does this person believe in the things that are important to me? Will this person make the right decisions? The problem is,too many people just vote for whom ever is affiliated to the party of their choice. It is the duty of the citizens of America to vote and vote wisely. We need to remember our role in government, if we want the government to remember theirs. How perfect would It be if our government was run according to Lao-tzu and his teachings in Tao-te Ching? Lao-tzu believed in the unseenShow MoreRelatedThe Rise Of The States : Evolution Of American State Government1184 Words   |  5 Pagesthe States: Evolution of American State Government,† by Jon Teaford, is his explanation of how the states have changed positively and negatively throughout the years. Each state has control over their citizens living in the state differently. Teaford addresses these issues in the form of his own discussion and explanations. Teaford begins with a background of the United States and different series of events that unfolded from the mistreatment of the national government to it’s citizens. I enjoyedRead MoreNative Americans And The American Government Essay1373 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, Native Americans have been victimized by Americans and the American Government. Native Americans were here long before the English settlers found and migrated to America. They tried to buy the land from Native Americans, and money was not important to them so they refused. Over time this costed a lot of Native American lives and most of their land was taken from them. Native Americans were immensely mistreated in the 1900’s by white Americans and are still being wronged by deceivingRead MoreThe Quality Of The American Government1394 Words   |  6 PagesBailey Kelso Professor Garvin POLS 101 9 August 2015 The Quality of the American Government Ever since the government was put in place in America, two fundamental questions have emerged distinctly: how should the government rule its followers? Moreover, what should the government do? America gained independence in 1776 after Richard Henry Lee moved a motion in the Continental Congress requiring Britain to grant the country its independence. The motion was approved on July, 2nd the same year. ThomasRead MoreThe Success Of The American Government Essay2305 Words   |  10 PagesThe American government is known to promote democratic values throughout the world. Though the ideals America was fighting for during the Cold War, the government still managed to participate in the overthrow of democratically elected Prime Minister, Mohammed Mossadegh. Mossadegh threatened to nationalize Iran’s oil in 1951 and later gained the support of the Iranian government. The British companies had many investments in Iranian oil. It is with the approval of nationalization that the econom iesRead MoreHow Much Power Should the American Government Yield901 Words   |  4 PagesA dispute widespread amongst the citizens of the United States of America is on government, and more specifically on how much power the government should yield. The philosophical question I will be posing in this article is ‘what should the government have the power to do’. All the way to the left, we have liberals who believe in a big government and a government that is involved with supporting the people and curbing social inequalities and social hierarchy while supporting social equality. On theRead MoreChanges in the American Government Essay948 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the lifespan of the American government, there have been changes to the different branches. One cannot simply claim that they are exactly as the Founding Fathers had designed them and pictured them; they have become so much more. Among these changes are the adoption of the 17th Amendment, the general surr ender of control of power to the executive branch, and the centralization of power to a couple of congressional leaders in recent years. These are some of the most important changes thatRead MoreAmerican Government And Political Science Essay1258 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout my academic career, I have had the opportunity to take a number of American government classes that ranged from studying original concepts, during the foundation of our country, to analyzing more recent events and policies that have taken place during my life. When I started Political Science 101, I was under the impression that I would be doing more review of American government. As the semester continued, I gained a variety of new ideas and perspectives that were unlike anything I hadRead MoreCongressional Gridlock And The American Government1640 Words   |  7 PagesCongressional gridlock refers to the inaction of the government and failure to make a decision or legislative law that satisfy the needs of the people. This inaction of the government and stagnation occurs when two parties cannot agree on a single matter, and they cannot come to a good agreement on how or when the law is going to be passed, thus leaving complex problems in the nation unhandled. Congressional gridlock does not just come and take over the government on its own, though. It is evident that congressionalRead MoreNative Americans And Treaties with the Government1750 Words   |  7 Pagesnot a realistic option for there differences were too vast. Treaties were made and treaties were broken along with the line of trust between the Natives and the government, making a diplomatic solution impossible. The only reason that the government was able to push the Natives off their land was to exterminate the bison. The Native American conflict in textbooks is said to have started at King Philips war, but the conflict really began when the initial settlers made their first encounters with theRead MoreThe Structure Of Our American Government Essay2526 Words   |  11 Pagesstructure of our American Government was founded in the Constitution of the United States. The Constitution was written to be the â€Å"supreme law of the land,† and produces a democratic republic, where citizens govern themselves (Our American Government, n.d). The purpose of our government, is to â€Å"establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessing of liberty to ourselves and our posterity† (Our American Government, n.d.). For

Why viewers have compassion for Frankenstein Essay Example For Students

Why viewers have compassion for Frankenstein Essay Because each person reacts to differences in different ways it is a difficult subject to explain. In my opinion the films Frankenstein and Edward Scissorhands both mirror how society as a whole reacts to differences. The Frankenstein monster really is no more then a scared, confused child who feels as if his father has rejected him. Because of this he is driven to violent behavior and that is when everyone notices the differences. When he was by the shore of the lake with the little girl he was excepted, she did not see him as a monster but someone to play with. When he became excited and threw her into the lake he didnt do this to hurt her he just wanted to see her float like the flowers. But, this act doomed him to a tragic end. Had the people of the village been able to see him as the scared child he really was and not as a monster they would have understood he never intended to hurt anyone. It was much the same with Dr. Frankenstein, if he could have understood the monster felt rejected by him then he would not have been harmed. In the end you cant help but feel sorry for the monster as he is trapped with fire all around him and you can see the fear he feels and you know that this is the end for the monster. It is much the same in the movie Edward Scissorhands all he really wants is to be accepted. For a time he is excepted because of all of the wonderful things he can do. It seems as long as he is doing what they want him to do like trimming their dogs and hedges and cutting their hair he is all right but at the first sign of trouble they all turn on him. A good example of this is when Edward is in the beauty shop with Joyce Monroe and she wants to have her way with him, he leaves. But because Joyce feels rejected she tells everyone that Edward molested her and because he is different everyone is quick to believe it. Another example is when Jim has Edward break into his fathers den, when Edward gets caught it is easy for everyone to believe he is guilty because he is different. In the end Edward to is doomed, doomed to a life of seclusion and loneliness because if he were to try and return to society it would surly mean his death. In the beginning it was for their differences that people were drawn to both the Frankenstein monster and Edward but in the end it was the same differences not words or actions that condemned them both. As I said in the beginning I think both films mirror how society as a whole reacts to differences. When we see someone who is different we seem to be drawn to them we want to know all about them but when something bad happens we are very quick to blame them and distance ourselves from them. Perhaps we do this because as humans we are unable to continue to see past a persons differences in difficult times. Or perhaps it is our Christian belief that all things created by God are good and everything else is bad or wrong. It seems much easier to believe that anything made by God is good and cant be wrong while someone like the Frankenstein monster or Edward is wrong and has no good. In reality it is this same Christian belief that teaches us to be compassionate to all things good. Both the Frankenstein monster and Edward could have been good; society just never gave them the chance or the understanding to prove it. .u39c785e64615fc0e26aca7e669cc11ca , .u39c785e64615fc0e26aca7e669cc11ca .postImageUrl , .u39c785e64615fc0e26aca7e669cc11ca .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u39c785e64615fc0e26aca7e669cc11ca , .u39c785e64615fc0e26aca7e669cc11ca:hover , .u39c785e64615fc0e26aca7e669cc11ca:visited , .u39c785e64615fc0e26aca7e669cc11ca:active { border:0!important; } .u39c785e64615fc0e26aca7e669cc11ca .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u39c785e64615fc0e26aca7e669cc11ca { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u39c785e64615fc0e26aca7e669cc11ca:active , .u39c785e64615fc0e26aca7e669cc11ca:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u39c785e64615fc0e26aca7e669cc11ca .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u39c785e64615fc0e26aca7e669cc11ca .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u39c785e64615fc0e26aca7e669cc11ca .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u39c785e64615fc0e26aca7e669cc11ca .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u39c785e64615fc0e26aca7e669cc11ca:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u39c785e64615fc0e26aca7e669cc11ca .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u39c785e64615fc0e26aca7e669cc11ca .u39c785e64615fc0e26aca7e669cc11ca-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u39c785e64615fc0e26aca7e669cc11ca:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Social Environment EssayBibliography: .

The Complete Persepolis Essay Example For Students

The Complete Persepolis Essay When writing any sort of narrative, be it novel or poem, fiction or non-fiction, scholarly or frivolous, an author must take into account the most effective manner in which to effectively convey the message to their audience. Choosing the wrong form, or method of speaking to the reader, could lead to a drastic misunderstanding of the meaning within an author’s content, or what precisely the author wants to say (Baldick 69). Even though there are quite a bit fewer words in a graphic novel than in the average novel, an author can convey just as much content and meaning through their images as they could through 60,000 words. In order to do that though, their usage of form must be thoughtfully considered and controlled. Marjane Satrapi, author of the graphic memoir The Complete Persepolis, took great pains in the creation of her panels in order to reinforce and emphasize her narrative, much like a novelist utilizes punctuation and paragraph breaks. We will write a custom essay on The Complete Persepolis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Through her portrayal of darkness and lightness, Satrapi demonstrates that literary content influences, and is primary to, the form. Lightness and darkness have very different meanings in the human psyche in that lightness is synonymous with innocence and naivety while darkness coincides with all things daunting and evil. Throughout the memoir, many situations are repeated but to different degrees of severity. For example, on pages 113 and 145, Marjane is arguing with her mother. However, the first instance is simply a minor act of preteen rebellion while the second alludes to the possibility of state-sanctioned rape and execution. At first glance, these pages are very similar; Marjane’s mother is obviously angry and invades upon her daughter’s personal space as she lectures and . .e panels that depict her actions, and the results of said actions, magnifies the reassurance imparted with Satrapi’s words. She was in no true danger and yet her hasty decision to cast the Guardians attention onto another could very well have proved deadly to her chosen scapegoat. In fact, the Guardian she calls out to for protection from the supposedly â€Å"indecent† man immediately responds to the situation with, â€Å"Where’s the bastard, I’ll shut him up once and for all!† This blunt, aggressive statement is written on of the very few panels in this chapter that have a black background. It brings a temporary sense of fear and anxiety as to whether or not the poor confused man will fight the Guardians to try and keep his freedom from completely false accusations. The white backgrounds return as the reader learns the man thankfully did not fight the armed group of men.

Find out What Polypropylene Is and What Its Used For

Find out What Polypropylene Is and What It's Used For Polypropylene is a type of thermoplastic polymer resin. It is a part of both the average household and is in commercial and industrial applications. The chemical designation is C3H6. One of the benefits of using this type of plastic is that it can be useful in numerous applications including as a structural plastic or as a fiber-type plastic. History The history of polypropylene began in 1954 when a German chemist named Karl Rehn and an Italian chemist named Giulio Natta first polymerized it. This led to a large commercial production of the product that began just three years later. Natta synthesized the first syndiotactic polypropylene. Everyday Uses The uses of polypropylene are numerous because of how versatile this product is. According to some reports, the global market for this plastic is 45.1 million tons, which equates to a consumer market use of about $65 billion. It is used in products such as the following: Plastic parts - from toys to automobile productsCarpeting - in all forms of carpeting, area rugs and in upholsteryReusable products - especially in containers and similar productsPaper - used in various applications for stationery and other writing bindingsTechnology - commonly found in loudspeakers and similar types of equipmentLaboratory equipment - in virtually every aspect where plastics are foundThermoplastic fiber reinforced composites There are a few reasons that manufacturers turn to this type of plastic over others. Consider its applications and benefits: Benefits of Polypropylene The use of polypropylene in everyday applications occurs because of how versatile this plastic is. For example, it has a high melting point compared to similarly weighted plastics. As a result, this product works very well for use in food containers where temperatures can reach high levels - such as microwaves and in dishwashers. With a melting point of 320 degrees F, it is easy to see why this application makes sense. It is easy to customize, too. One of the benefits it offers to manufacturers is the ability to add dye to it. It can be colored in various ways without degrading the quality of the plastic. This is also one of the reasons it is commonly used to make up the fibers in carpeting. It also adds strength and durability to the carpeting. This type of carpeting can be found effective for use not only indoors but also outdoors, where damage from the sun and elements doesnt affect it as readily as other types of plastics. Other benefits include the following: It does not absorb water like other plastics.It does not mold or otherwise deteriorates in the presence of bacteria, mold or other elements.Newer versions contain an elastic element to them. This gives them a rubber-like composition and opens the door for new uses.It is unlikely to shatter and will take significant damage prior to breaking, though it is not as sturdy as other plastics such as polyethylene.It is lightweight and very flexible. Chemical Properties and Uses Understanding polypropylene is important because it is significantly different from other types of products. Its properties allow it to be effective in the use of material popular in everyday use, including any situation in which a non-staining and non-toxic solution is necessary. It is also inexpensive. It is an excellent alternative to others because it does not contain BPA. BPA is not a safe option for food packaging since this chemical has been shown to leach into the food products. It has been linked to various health issues, especially in children. It has a low level of electrical conductivity as well. This allows it to be highly effective in electronic products. Because of these advantages, polypropylene is likely to be in most American homes. This versatile plastic is one of the most commonly used in these situations.

William the Conqueror

William the Conqueror William the Conqueror was a Duke of Normandy, who fought to regain his power over the duchy, establishing it as a powerful force in France, before completing the successful Norman Conquest of England. Youth William was born to Duke Robert I of Normandy – although he wasn’t Duke until his brother died - and his mistress Herleva c. 1028. There are various legends about her origins, but she was possibly noble. His mother had one more child with Robert ​and married a Norman noble called Herluin, with whom she had two further children, including Odo, later a bishop and regent of England. In 1035 Duke Robert died on pilgrimage, leaving William as his only son and designated heir: Norman lords had sworn to accept William as Robert’s heir, and the King of France had confirmed this. However, William was only eight, and illegitimate - he was known frequently as ‘The Bastard’ - so while the Norman aristocracy initially accepted him as ruler, they did so mindful of their own power. Thanks to still developing succession rights, illegitimacy was not yet a bar to power, but it did make the young William reliant on others. Anarchy Normandy was soon plunged into discord, as ducal authority broke down and all levels of the aristocracy began building their own castles and usurping the powers of William’s government. War was frequently fought between these nobles, and such was the chaos that three of William’s protectors were killed, as was his teacher. It is possible that William’s steward was killed while William slept in the same room. Herleva’s family provided the best shield. William began to play a direct role in Normandy’s affairs when he turned 15 in 1042, and for the next nine years, he forcefully regained royal rights and control, fighting a series of war against rebel nobles. There was vital support from Henry I of France, especially at the battle of Val-es-Dunes in 1047, when the Duke and his King defeated an alliance of Norman leaders. Historians believe that William learned a huge amount about warfare and government through this period of turmoil, and it left him de termined to retain full control over his lands. It may also have left him ruthless and capable of brutality. William also took steps to regain control by reforming the church, and he appointed one of his key allies to the Bishopric of Bayeux in 1049. This was Odo, William’s half-brother by Herleva, and he took the position aged only 16. Nevertheless, he proved a loyal and able servant, and the church grew strong under his control. The Rise of Normandy By the late 1040s the situation in Normandy had settled to the extent that William was able to take part in politics outside his lands, and he fought for Henry of France against the Geoffrey Martel, Count of Anjou, in Maine. Trouble soon returned at home, and William was forced to once more fight a rebellion, and a new dimension was added when Henry and Geoffrey allied against William. With a mixture of luck – the enemy forces outside Normandy did not coordinate with those in, although William’s alacrity contributed here – and tactical skill, William defeated them all. He also outlived Henry and Geoffrey, who died in 1060 and were succeeded by more congenial rulers, and William secured Maine by 1063. He was accused of poisoning rivals to the region but this is widely believed to be just rumor. Nevertheless, it is interesting that he opened his attack on Maine by claiming the recently deceased Count Herbert of Maine had promised William his land should the count die without a son, and that Herbert had become a vassal of William’s in exchange for the county. William would claim a similar promise again shortly after, in England. By 1065, Normandy was settled and the lands surrounding it had been pacified, through politics, military action, and some lucky deaths. This left William as the dominant aristocrat in north France, and he was free to take on a grand project if one arose; it soon did. William married in 1052/3, to the daughter of the Baldwin V of Flanders, even though the Pope had ruled the marriage as illegal due to consanguinity. It may have taken until 1059 for William to work his way back into the good graces of the papacy, although he may have done so very quickly – we have conflicting sources - and he founded two monasteries while doing so. He had four sons, three of whom would go on to rule. The Crown of England The link between the Norman and English ruling dynasties had started in 1002 with a marriage and had continued when the Edward – later known as ‘the Confessor’ – had fled from Cnut’s invading force and taken shelter at the Norman court. Edward had retaken the English throne but grew old and childless, and at some stage during the 1050s there may have been negotiations between Edward and William over the right of the latter to succeed, but it is unlikely. Historians don’t know for certain what really happened, but William claimed he had been promised the crown. He also claimed that another claimant, Harold Godwineson, the most powerful noble in England, had sworn an oath to support William’s claim while on a visit to Normandy. Norman sources support William, and Anglo-Saxons ones support Harold, who claimed Edward had really given Harold the throne as the king lay dying. Either way, when Edward died in 1066 William claimed the throne and announced he would invade to take it off Harold and he had to persuade a council of Norman nobles who felt this was too risky a venture. William quickly gathered an invasion fleet which included noblemen from across France – a sign of William’s high reputation as a leader - and may have gained support from the Pope. Critically, he also took measures to ensure Normandy would remain loyal while he was absent, including giving key allies greater powers. The fleet tried to sail later that year, but weather conditions delayed it, and William eventually sailed on September 27th, landing the next day. Harold had been forced to march north to fight another invading claimant, Harald Hardrada, at Stamford Bridge. Harald marched south and took up a defensive position at Hastings. William attacked, and the Battle of Hastings followed in which Harold and significant portions of the English aristocracy were killed. William followed the victory by intimidating the country, and he was able to be crowned King of England in London on Christmas Day. King of England, Duke of Normandy William adopted some of the government he found in England, such as the sophisticated Anglo-Saxon exchequer and laws, but he also imported large numbers of loyal men from the continent to both reward them and hold his new kingdom. William now had to crush rebellions in England, and on occasion did it brutally. Even so, after 1072 he spent the majority of his time back in Normandy, dealing with recalcitrant subjects there. The borders of Normandy proved problematic, and William had to deal with a new generation of warring neighbors and a stronger French king. Through a mixture of negotiation and warfare, he tried to secure the situation, with some successes. There were more rebellions in England, including a conspiracy involving Waltheof, the last English earl, and when William had him executed there was great opposition; the chronicles like to use this as the start of a perceived decline in William’s fortunes. In 1076 William suffered his first major military defeat, to the King of France, at Dol. More problematic, William fell out with his eldest son Robert, who rebelled, raised an army, made allies of William’s enemies and started raiding Normandy. It is possible the father and son may even have fought in hand to hand in one battle. A peace was negotiated and Robert was confirmed as heir to Normandy. William also fell out with his brother, bishop and sometime regent Odo, who was arrested and imprisoned. Odo may have been about to bribe and threaten his way into the papacy, and if so William objected to the large number of troops Odo was planning to take from England to aid him. While trying to retake Mantes he suffered an injury – possibly while on horseback - which proved fatal. On his deathbed William made a compromise, giving his son Robert his French lands and William Rufus England. He died on September 9th, 1087 aged 60. As he died he asked for prisoners to be released, all except Odo. William’s body was so fat it did not fit into the prepared tomb and burst out with a sickening smell. Aftermath William’s place in English history is assured, as he completed one of the few successful conquests of that island, and transforming the makeup of the aristocracy, the pattern of the land, and the nature of culture for centuries. Normans, and their French language and customs, dominated, even though William adopted much of the Anglo-Saxon machinery of government. England was also tied closely to France, and William transformed his duchy from anarchic into the most powerful north French holding, creating tensions between the crowns of England and France which would also last for centuries. In the later years of his reign, William commissioned in England a survey of land use and value known as the Domesday Book, one of the key documents of the medieval era. He also bought the Norman church into England and, under the theological leadership of Lanfranc, changed the nature of English religion. William was a physically imposing man, strong early on, but very fat in later life, which became a source of amusement to his enemies. He was notably pious but, in an age of common brutality, stood out for his cruelty. It’s been said he never killed a prisoner who might later be useful and was cunning, aggressive and devious. William was probably faithful in his marriage, and this may have been the consequence of shame he felt in his youth as an illegitimate son.

Strategic management practise Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words - 1

Strategic management practise - Assignment Example The purpose of this report is to conduct a strategic audit of a real-life organization and on the basis of strategic issues being faced by the organization, the goals, actions and key elements of performance management system to develop strategy are discussed in this organizational context. The report has four major sections, wherein the first section, the strategic issues are identified by employing a strategic audit. The strategic analysis is performed with the help of some strategic tools, such as PESTEL Analysis, SWOT Analysis, and Porter’s five forces model. Then to address these issues, the goals are set in the context of the organization in the second section. Thirdly, the actions are recommended which the organization should take. A strategy statement is also summarized in this regard. In the last section, the key elements of the performance management system are elaborated, which are important to develop the strategy for the organization. To address the purpose of the report, FedEx Corporation is selected. The FedEx Corporation was originated in 1971 by Frederick Smith, where its previous name was Federal Express, centered in Little Rock, Arkansas, and headquartered in Memphis, Tenn. The founder’s business visions have been esteemed all over the years, who always concentrated on providing superior customer services than rivals. During the start of the company, after fronting a number of funding problems, the company struggled and strived for its survival. The company entered into the initial public offerings in 1998, and its renowned itself as the name of FedEx Corporation in 2000 (FedEx Co., 2014). The FedEx Corporation is involved in delivery and shipping services mainly, and also it has developed a portfolio of business. It delivers different services to the different segments of the customers, which are business consulting services or support solutions, logistics services, e-commerce, and mainly